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Did you know

...city families used to pick hops on holiday?

Hop picking holidays allowed city families to earn money. Pickers were paid with tokens, which were used in local shops or exchanged for wages.

Did you know

...Elizabethan mattresses were used for both childbirth and corpses?

Mattresses, plaited from sedges, were made to support a mother during childbirth or a corpse after death. After use it would have been burned.

Did you know

...farmers used to sow seeds by fiddle?

Sowing by hand can be slow and inaccurate. Seed drills were developed in the 1800s to sow seeds quickly in a straight line at regular intervals.

Did you know

...Lady Eve Balfour (1898-1990) was one of the earliest organic farmers and co-founded the Soil Association?

Women continue to play a key role in this movement, with organic farms employing significantly more women than chemical farming.

Did you know

...Suttons Seeds invented the seed packet?

The local Reading firm, founded in 1806, popularised paper packets of seeds for gardeners.

Item from the Suttons Sees Ltd. archive collection

Did you know

...villages often used to run their own fire services?

The National Fire Service was only created in 1941.

Blog

Learn about the countryside, past and present. See how we work with people today to share new ways of understanding rural history.

Disability History Month 2024: Opening pathways to work

Phillippa Heath, Head of Learning and Engagement, highlights how we support disabled people to gain work skills and pathways to employment

‘The Final Straw’: Reflecting on the 2024 Farmer Protests

MERL curator Dr Ollie Douglas reflects on the 2024 London farmer protests, and how they speak to his family's farming history

How to Survive the Zombie Apocalypse (at The Museum of English Rural Life)

Written by Emma Davies and Sam Le Butt

If you’re among the survivors who have stumbled into The Museum of English Rural Life this Halloween, you’re in luck. Not only do we have a fascinating collection of historic agricultural tools, but we’re also well-equipped to fend off the undead hordes of the zombie apocalypse.

For centuries, tools like these enabled rural communities to stay fed, housed, and warm. Their usefulness casts a long shadow, and as we reel from the current zombie outbreak, there’s never been a better time to learn how using these collection objects can keep you alive today.

Billhook

Traditionally used for cutting back hedges, the billhook is a deceptively powerful implement. Its curved blade is designed for a quick, clean cut through wood.

This might be why it’s been adapted for military use since the medieval period. Using a billhook to make short work of any shambling foes is, pardon the pun, a no-brainer.

A billhook on a grey background.
A billhook is an edge tool used in hedging, coppice work and other woodland trades. The tool shows great regional variety with each area having its own accepted pattern and shape. This is a Devon billhook, with a greatly curved 10 inch blade. The blade is stamped with 'Elwell 4543/10'. It was made by Edward Elwell Ltd. of Wednesbury, Staffordshire, in the mid-twentieth century. (MERL 55/73)

Chain Saw

The people of rural England were using chain saws long before 28 Days Later.

This implement, also known as a flexible saw, consists of 25 serrated steel teeth with brass rings at either end for attaching to rope.

It’s positively terrifying – ideal for when you’re in a tight spot, like sawing through inaccessible branches, or sawing through the swarm of undead arms grasping wildly at you through the holes in your makeshift barricade.

Simply whip it out, stretch the chain ends between your hands, and get sawing.

This saw was used by the estate forester at Witton Castle Mill, Witton-le-Wear, near Bishop Auckland. It bears what appears to be a War Department mark and may therefore have been used as a 'trench saw' during the First World War prior to its role on the Estate. (MERL 61/131)
This saw was used by the estate forester at Witton Castle Mill, Witton-le-Wear, near Bishop Auckland. It bears what appears to be a War Department mark and may therefore have been used as a 'trench saw' during the First World War prior to its role on the Estate. (MERL 61/131)

This collections object may be a First World War relic, bearing what appears to be a mark of the War Department. It may have seen action as a trench saw, used for cutting down trees and constructing dugouts.

Toasting Fork

It might look innocent, but never underestimate the humble toasting fork. Originally designed for toasting food over a cosy fire, this tool offers surprisingly effective zombie defence at close range.

This object was designed and created by 19th century blacksmith Arthur Holloway, who included a delightful snake-shaped handle.

If you’re a survivor with a flair for the dramatic, what could be better than skewering a zombie with this gorgeous implement?

A three-pronged wrought iron toasting fork with the handle in the form of a snake. It was made by Arthur Holloway, a blacksmith from Bradfield in Berkshire, who taught himself how to make decorative wrought iron pieces.
A three-pronged wrought iron toasting fork with the handle in the form of a snake. It was made by Arthur Holloway, a blacksmith from Bradfield in Berkshire, who taught himself how to make decorative wrought iron pieces. (MERL 97/58)

Lard Beater

What’s a lard beater, you ask? Well, it’s exactly what it sounds like – a heavy iron tool used to beat the liquid out of lard. Helpfully, it can be used to beat the liquid out of lots of things! Its broad, flat surface makes for a very effective bludgeoning tool, ideal for that all-important ‘double tap’.

A lard beater is a heavy square steel poker used in conjunction with a lard beating table to prepare lard from the pig for household use. Lavinia Smith found this beater on a rubbish dump in East Hendred, Oxfordshire.
A lard beater is a heavy square steel poker used in conjunction with a lard beating table to prepare lard from the pig for household use. Lavinia Smith found this beater on a rubbish dump in East Hendred, Oxfordshire. (MERL 51/665)

Fishing Spear

With the fishing spear in hand, you’re ready to keep zombies at arm’s length – literally.

Fishing spears are sharp and long, making it ideal for a direct hit to the head without letting a zombie get too close. It’s the ultimate tool for those who like to keep a safe distance, with the added benefit of potentially skewering multiple zombies in a row kebab-style if they’ve queued up politely.

This fish spear was used by the Haines family in Burnham Overy, who owned boats for hire. It was used to catch fish by plunging it into the sand, either in water too deep for wading or for use along the water's edge. The barbs on the fork retain the fish whilst the spear is lifted from the water. It is thought to date from c. 1945.
This fish spear was used by the Haines family in Burnham Overy, who owned boats for hire. It was used to catch fish by plunging it into the sand, either in water too deep for wading or for use along the water's edge. The barbs on the fork retain the fish whilst the spear is lifted from the water. It is thought to date from c. 1945. (57/234)

Who’d have thought that a collection of agricultural tools could be so versatile? It’s true that necessity is the mother of invention, and in a zombie apocalypse, every tool has its place. This Halloween, as you admire the humble billhook or the flexible saw, remember: these aren’t just for farm work. They’re the keys to your survival when the undead come knocking.

Emma Davies (she/her) is a SWW-DTP funded PhD researcher in Environmental Humanities working between Bath Spa University and the University of Bristol. Her research focuses on interactions with the soil in Folk Horror stories, exploring the ways in which the genre conveys a specific set of fears around ‘soured’ earth, haunted landscapes, and buried objects. Follow Emma’s work on TikTok.

Sam Le Butt (she/her) is an SWW-DTP funded PhD researcher in English Literature and Environmental Humanities at the University of Bristol and University of Southampton. She was a 2023 Greenhouse Fellow at the University of Stavanger and has publications in/forthcoming in Matter and Minnesota Review. Her research focuses on the intersections of ecocriticism and monster theory, using feminist and decolonial methodologies to ask how monsters narrate ecological crisis in contemporary literature and film. Her debut fiction collection, Curious Woman and other Creatures, was published in 2022 by Radical Bookshop.

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  • The Museum of English Rural Life

    University of Reading

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